What is the best trap for trapping coyotes? - The Environmental Literacy Council (2025)

The most effective traps for capturing coyotes are foot-hold traps with offset jaws. Specifically, coil-spring traps ranging in size from #1.75 to #3N, with offset jaws are widely recommended. These traps provide a strong, secure hold while minimizing foot injuries and reducing the chances of escape. While other traps exist, these foothold traps, when set correctly, offer the best combination of efficiency, safety, and reliability. The offset jaws are crucial; they create a small gap in the jaw closure which prevents the trap from completely crushing the animal’s foot, thus reducing injury and improving retention. When implemented correctly and within legal guidelines, they provide a responsible method for controlling coyote populations.

Understanding the Importance of Trap Type and Size

Selecting the right trap isn’t just about catching a coyote; it’s about doing so ethically and effectively. The characteristics of a trap significantly influence both its catch rate and the animal’s welfare.

Foot-Hold Traps vs. Other Options

• Foot-Hold Traps: These are the primary traps used by professionals for several reasons. As stated above, sizes #1.75 to #3N are ideal for coyotes, with offset jaws being an essential feature. These traps allow for a strong grip on the coyote’s foot without causing severe damage. They can be set in various terrains and are effective in diverse conditions.
• Conibear Traps: Although extremely effective, they are not recommended for coyotes due to the risk of catching non-target animals and the possibility of coyotes avoiding them altogether. Coyotes are often intelligent enough to recognize the mechanics of these traps, making them less effective.
• Live Traps: While humane, these traps often present challenges. Coyotes, once trapped, can be difficult to relocate and may require euthanasia. Additionally, the setup and baiting techniques for live traps can be more complex and less reliable.

Size Matters

The size of a trap is critical for its effectiveness:

• #1.75 Traps: A 5-inch trap, can be effective, but the smaller jaw size provides a slightly smaller catch area.
• #2 Traps: Generally a 5.5-inch trap, a seemingly minor size increase over a #1.75 makes a significant difference in jaw capture and hold.
• #3 Traps: Larger traps for very large coyotes. Most #3 traps are long spring, while coil-spring traps can be found with the designation #3 or #3N.

Using too small a trap can result in a poor catch, leading to escapes or injuries, whereas an excessively large trap may be unnecessary and less efficient. The #2 coil-spring is often cited as a sweet spot. The Bridger #2 Dogless Offset Jaws Coil Spring Trap is specifically recommended for coyotes, along with bobcats, and foxes as mentioned in the text.

Choosing the Right Features

Beyond size, several trap features play a crucial role in successful coyote trapping:

• Offset Jaws: The single most important characteristic. These jaws leave a small gap, preventing the trap from fully clamping down. It reduces injury and increases the chances of holding the coyote until the trapper arrives.
• Coil Springs: These traps provide quick closing times and excellent holding power, making them reliable and efficient.
• Steel Construction: Heavy, durable steel, such as cast steel jaws, is necessary to withstand the power of a coyote and years of use. The Duke Pro Series 550 OS trap, mentioned in the text, is popular due to its heavy cast steel construction.
• Stainless Steel Rod Dog: The dog mechanism on a trap holds the trap in the set position. Stainless steel will not rust, making the trap last longer.
• Step-Down PIT Pan System: Modern pans such as the PIT pan system provide better leverage and consistent firing, significantly improving the trap’s trigger system.

Essential Coyote Trapping Techniques

Even with the best trap, proper trapping techniques are essential to success:

• Trap Bedding: The key to catching coyotes is setting properly bedded traps in the right location. A well-bedded trap is one that’s firmly placed in the ground, level with the surrounding area, and concealed. If the trap is loose, it will rock when the animal steps on it, and a coyote is more likely to avoid it.
• Location Selection: Choose areas where coyotes are likely to travel, such as game trails, fence lines, or open spaces near cover.
• Lure and Bait: Avoid using too much lure or bait. Overdoing it is a common beginner mistake that can actually educate a coyote to avoid traps. Use natural scents and place them strategically.
• Minimum 10 Days: Leave traps out for at least 10 days. Coyotes do not travel the same area each night. They have home ranges but don’t use the landscape like deer.
• Regular Checks: Check traps at least once a day. This is crucial to ensure the well-being of trapped animals and to remove any catches promptly.

FAQs: Coyote Trapping

1. Are #2 traps big enough for coyotes?

Yes, #2 traps are generally considered a good size for coyotes. While a #1.75 may be sufficient for smaller coyotes, the half-inch difference between a #1.75 and a #2 trap can make a noticeable difference in catch consistency and animal safety.

2. What is the best month to trap coyotes?

January through March is the best time to trap coyotes. This is their breeding season, increasing their activity. The cold weather during winter months encourages them to move more during the day, which makes them more susceptible to traps.

3. Why am I not catching coyotes in my traps?

Common reasons for trapping failure include using too much lure or bait, improperly set traps, or not having the traps placed in suitable areas. Coyotes are smart animals and they will learn to avoid traps.

4. What is the most effective way to attract coyotes?

Use calls that imitate the distress sounds of prey and communicative howls and yips of coyotes. Avoid excessive baiting; proper placement is key.

5. Can coyotes recognize traps?

Yes, coyotes are wary of new objects and have an excellent sense of smell. They are quick to recognize and avoid poorly concealed or improperly placed traps, or traps that have too much human scent on them.

6. How long do you leave coyote traps out?

Leave coyote traps out for a minimum of 10 days. Coyotes do not use the same areas every night, so leaving traps in place allows them to travel into the areas over the course of several days.

7. Is a Bridger No 2 dogless a good coyote trap?

Yes, the Bridger No 2 dogless offset jaws coil spring trap is specifically designed for coyotes, as well as bobcats and foxes.

8. Are coyotes hard to trap?

Yes, coyotes are intelligent and cunning, making them difficult to trap. Successful trapping requires careful planning, preparation, and attention to detail.

9. What time of night do coyotes come out?

While coyotes can be active at any time, they are most active between dawn and sunset. Mating season will increase howls during the night.

10. What times of day are coyotes most active?

Coyotes are generally more active after sunset and at night. You may see and hear them more during mating season (January – March) and when the young are dispersing (October – January).

11. What is the most effective way to get rid of coyotes?

Using loud noises is effective. Bang pots and pans, use air horns, or make any sudden noise that will scare them off.

12. How often should you check coyote traps?

You must check your traps at least once a day. This is essential for the humane treatment of the animals caught.

13. Do coyote live traps work?

Yes, but live trapping presents its own set of challenges. The coyote is often difficult to relocate and may need to be euthanized. The set up and baiting of live traps are more complex.

14. Where is the best place to set a coyote trap?

Set traps on high ground, top of a ridge, or in open, flat spaces along game trails or fence lines. The trap should be on level ground and slightly below the surrounding terrain.

15. What do coyotes fear the most?

Coyotes are naturally fearful of humans. Loud noises and sudden movements will help scare them.

By understanding the nuances of trap selection, proper techniques, and the behavior of coyotes, you can significantly increase your trapping success while ensuring humane and responsible practices. Remember to always consult local wildlife regulations before setting traps or snares.